<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="/static/taisho.xsl"?> <TEI xmlns:cb="http://www.cbeta.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="lzh-Hans-HK" xml:id="ZW01na002"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title>Buddhist Texts not contained in the Tripiṭaka, Electronic version, No. a002 卷首语</title> <title xml:lang="zh-Hans">藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献数位版, No. a002 卷首语</title> <author>方廣锠</author> <respStmt> <resp>Electronic Version by</resp> <name>CBETA</name> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <editionStmt> <edition>XML TEI P5</edition> <respStmt xml:id="resp1"><resp>corrections</resp><name>orig</name></respStmt> <respStmt xml:id="resp2"><resp>corrections</resp><name>CBETA</name></respStmt> </editionStmt> <extent>1卷</extent> <publicationStmt> <idno type="CBETA"> <idno type="canon">ZW</idno>.<idno type="vol">1</idno>.<idno type="no">a002</idno> </idno> <distributor> <name>中华电子<persName>佛</persName>典协会 (CBETA)</name> <address> <addrLine><email>service@cbeta.org</email></addrLine> </address> </distributor> <availability> <p>Available for non-commercial use when distributed with this header intact.</p> </availability> <date>2022-10-12 23:43:51 +0800</date> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <bibl> <title level="s">Buddhist Texts not contained in the Tripiṭaka</title> <title level="s" xml:lang="zh-Hans">藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献</title> <title level="m" xml:lang="zh-Hans">卷首语</title> </bibl> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <encodingDesc> <projectDesc> <p xml:lang="en" cb:type="ly">Text as provided by Mr. Fang Guangchang</p> <p xml:lang="zh-Hans" cb:type="ly">方廣锠大德提供</p> </projectDesc> <editorialDecl> <punctuation resp="#resp1"><p>原书标点</p></punctuation> </editorialDecl> <tagsDecl> <namespace name="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <tagUsage gi="rdg"> <listWit> <witness xml:id="wit.cbeta">【CB】</witness> <witness xml:id="wit.orig">【藏外】</witness> </listWit> </tagUsage> </namespace> </tagsDecl> </encodingDesc> <profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="en">English</language> <language ident="zh-Hans">Chinese (Traditional)</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> <revisionDesc> <change when="2020-12-22"> <name>Ray Chou 周邦信</name>Created initial TEI XML P5a version with bm2p5a.py </change> </revisionDesc> </teiHeader> <text><body> <milestone unit="juan" n="1"/> <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0005a" n="0005a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a01"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a02"/><cb:div type="other"><cb:mulu type="其他" level="1">中文</cb:mulu><head>卷首语</head> <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a03"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a04"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0005a0401">《藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献》每辑的卷首语为联<anchor xml:id="nkr_note_add_0005a0401" n="0005a0401"/><anchor xml:id="beg0005a0401" n="0005a0401"/>繫<anchor xml:id="end0005a0401"/>编者与读者的桥樑与 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a05"/>介绍本辑主要内容的园地。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a06"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0005a0601">首先谈一下甚么叫“藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献”？</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a07"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0005a0701">“藏”，指<persName>佛</persName>教大藏经。传统所谓“大藏经”，专指汉文大藏 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a08"/>经，包括正藏与续藏，它是我国汉文<persName>佛</persName>教典籍的总彙。我国的汉 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a09"/>文大藏经种类虽多，仍有不少与<persName>佛</persName>教有关的文献散佚在藏外。 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a10"/>例如：近代以来从梵文、巴利语、藏文、蒙文等各种文字翻译的<persName>佛</persName> <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a11"/>教典籍；敦煌藏经洞保存的大量<persName>佛</persName>教典籍；各地图书馆、博物馆 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a12"/>保存的未为历代大藏经所收的古代<persName>佛</persName>教典籍；正史、地方史志、 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a13"/>丛书、类书、个人文集中保存的<persName>佛</persName>教资料；与<persName>佛</persName>教有关的金石资 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a14"/>料；近现代的<persName>佛</persName>教著作与资料。上述种种均可称为“藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a15"/>献”。文献是文化的主要载体之一，<persName>佛</persName>教文献是<persName>佛</persName>教文化的主要 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a16"/>载体之一。所以，已经入藏的典籍固然重要，散佚在藏外的文献 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a17"/>也不容忽视，必须认真加以整理。应该说明的是，历代正藏，均 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a18"/>经多次挍勘，一般质量较高；而续藏所收典籍，往往有较大随意 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a19"/>性，且缺乏版本的精选与挍勘，颇有文字错讹等情。因此，有的 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a20"/>典籍虽然已经为某续藏所收，但如果新发现的传本比已入藏本 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a21"/>更加完善，则也应该成为整理的对象。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a22"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0005a2201">现在尙流传于世界、且自成体系的<persName>佛</persName>教大藏经主要有三种： <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a23"/>南传巴利语三藏；汉文大藏经；藏文甘殊尔、丹殊尔。梵文<persName>佛</persName>典 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a24"/>虽仍有留存，且近年来不断有新的梵文<persName>佛</persName>典被发现，但大抵均为 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a25"/>单部残页。虽然它的研究價値不能低估，但毕竟已不足成为完 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a26"/>整的大藏。另外，中国还保存有完整的傣文大藏经、蒙文大藏 <lb ed="ZW" n="0005a27"/>经、满文大藏经、出土不少残缺不全的西夏文大藏经，但上述<persName>佛</persName> <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0006a" n="0006a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a01"/>藏基本是从前述三种主要的<persName>佛</persName>藏转译的。因此，巴利语三藏、汉 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a02"/>文大藏经及藏文甘殊尔、丹殊尔等三种<persName>佛</persName>藏在<persName>佛</persName>教研究中的意 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a03"/>義和價値是不言自明的。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a04"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0006a0401">就上述三种主要的<persName>佛</persName>藏而言，汉文大藏经所收经籍的数量 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a05"/>最多，其经籍所涉及的时代跨度最大，地区涵盖面最廣，所包容 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a06"/>的<persName>佛</persName>教派别也最多。因此，巴利语及藏文<persName>佛</persName>藏固然有其不可替 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a07"/>代的独特的研究價値，汉文大藏经的價値显然更値得人们重视。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a08"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0006a0801">近代以来，西方的<persName>佛</persName>教学者大抵沿著巴利语<persName>佛</persName>典⸺梵文 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a09"/><persName>佛</persName>典⸺藏文<persName>佛</persName>典这么一条路线来展开<persName>佛</persName>教研究，从事汉文<persName>佛</persName> <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a10"/>典研究的人相对来说较少，这种情况与汉文<persName>佛</persName>典本身的價値相 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a11"/>比很不相称。所以形成这么一种局面，除了其它种种原因外，语 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a12"/>言的障碍及对汉文大藏经及其價値不甚了解，大约也是重要因 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a13"/>素。现在，有的学者已开始注意到这一问题，中外都有学者在呼 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a14"/>籲幷从事汉文<persName>佛</persName>典的英译工作。我深信，更多的人会越来越认 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a15"/>识到汉文<persName>佛</persName>典的重要價値，从而对它展开深入的研究，而汉文大 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a16"/>藏经也会在这一过程中，为人类文化的重建与发展作出它应有 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a17"/>的贡献。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a18"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0006a1801">如果我们把目前还散佚在藏外的<persName>佛</persName>教文献也侭量收集、整 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a19"/>理出来，幷收归入藏，则汉文大藏经将对<persName>佛</persName>教的发展与研究、对 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a20"/>人类文化作出更大的贡献。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a21"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0006a2101">这就是《藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献》的宗旨。愿意与所有关心此事的人 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a22"/>士共勉。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a23"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a24"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0006a2401">其次介绍《藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献》第一辑的主要内容。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a25"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0006a2501">第一辑的“敦煌禅籍”专栏刊登了四篇新发现的敦煌禅文 <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a26"/>献：</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0006a27"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0006a2701">《天竺国<name role="" type="person">菩提达摩</name>禅师论》、《禅策问答》、《息诤论》依次抄写 <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0007a" n="0007a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a01"/>在同一敦煌写卷上。其中《禅策问答》通过三十道问答，论述了 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a02"/>修禅的许多具体问题；《息诤论》则著褈说明真如<persName>佛</persName>性具在心中， <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a03"/>故而解不外凭，反对祇知追求经论，诤论道理的学风。它们均系 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a04"/>最新发现幷首次公佈。我认为它们都是北宗禅的著作，很可能 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a05"/>属于義福一系。读者可以通过它们进一步增加对北宗禅的了 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a06"/>解。《天竺国<name role="" type="person">菩提达摩</name>禅师论》讬名禅宗初祖达摩，论述禅门之 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a07"/>法。刊佈在这裡的是一个新发现的写本，与保存在法国伯希和 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a08"/>敦煌特藏中的同名异本相比，它的结尾部份多出一段，从而给人 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a09"/>们带来一些新的信息。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a10"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0007a1001">第一辑的“密教典籍”专栏刊登印度密教文献一篇，为《八种 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a11"/>粗重犯堕》。该文献作者不详，讬名<name role="" type="person">马鸣</name>著，共论述密教戒律八 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a12"/>条。该文献系在西夏故地发现，对研究西夏<persName>佛</persName>教有一定的價値。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a13"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0007a1301">第一辑的“三藏註疏”专栏刊登经律论疏各一篇：</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a14"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0007a1401">《天请问经疏》是唐代著名僧人文轨的作品。《大正藏》收入 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a15"/>了该疏的一个残本，这裡刊佈的则是一个完整的挍订本。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a16"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0007a1601">《行事钞中分门图录》是对唐<name role="" type="person">释道宣</name>《四分律行事钞》的科 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a17"/>分，原卷採用图示式，故名。刊佈时限于条件，改为提纲式。该 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a18"/>文献亦为最新发现与首次刊佈。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a19"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0007a1901">《阿毘达摩俱舍论实義疏》的作者安慧是印度<persName>佛</persName>教著名的 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a20"/>“十大论师”之一。该疏主要反驳众贤《顺正理论》对<name role="" type="person">世亲</name>《俱舍 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a21"/>论》的批评，是反映六世纪上半葉印度<persName>佛</persName>教的重要著作。这部著 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a22"/>作何时、由何人译为汉文，在我国经录中没有记载。《大正藏》收 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a23"/>入了依據法国伯希和特藏录文的节抄本，这裡刊佈的则是该疏 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a24"/>卷三的全文。这个写本在敦煌发现後曾经一度流散民间，後为 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a25"/>北京图书馆收藏。最近我们在北图另行收藏的敦煌遗书残片中 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a26"/>发现了这个民间流散本缺失的卷首部份，使该卷得以复原，实为 <lb ed="ZW" n="0007a27"/>幸事。敦煌遗书中有该《实義疏》的回鹘文译本，两者可以参照。</p> <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0008a" n="0008a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a01"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0008a0101">第一辑的“疑伪经”专栏刊佈了敦煌疑伪经八篇。这些疑伪 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a02"/>经大多为首次公佈。有些以前虽然也曾有人发表，但这次均根 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a03"/>據诸种写本重新挍勘，或改正错误，或補正残缺。应该说明，所 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a04"/>谓“疑伪经”是一个很复杂的槪念，其中不少经典幷非如人们所 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a05"/>想<anchor xml:id="nkr_note_add_0008a0501" n="0008a0501"/><anchor xml:id="beg0008a0501" n="0008a0501"/>像<anchor xml:id="end0008a0501"/>的是中国人的作品。这个问题，需要在今後作专题论述。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a06"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0008a0601">《<persName>佛</persName>为心王菩萨说头陀经》是一部对禅宗有著重大影响的经 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a07"/>典，关于它的作者及产生年代目前均不淸楚。以前人们已经知 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a08"/>道它有两个汉文残本与一个粟特文残本，两种文字的写本内容 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a09"/>互不相同。本辑刊佈的则是汉文全本，使得粟特文本有了一个 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a10"/>可靠的参照本。汉文全本幷附有註疏。可以预见，本文献的刊 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a11"/>佈，不但对禅宗研究，而且对粟特文研究，均会产生积极的作用。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a12"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0008a1201">《<persName>佛</persName>说孝顺子修行成<persName>佛</persName>经》与《最妙勝定经》被传统经录称为 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a13"/>疑伪经，但人们可以从本辑刊佈的经文看到，它们实际都是域外 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a14"/>传入，而非中国人撰述。《水月观音经》反映了中国<persName>佛</persName>教的观音 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a15"/>崇拜；《金刚经纂》反映了中国<persName>佛</persName>教的经典崇拜；《大方廣花严十 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a16"/>恶品经》则是南北朝中国<persName>佛</persName>教断肉食素运动的产物。由于疑伪 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a17"/>经多在民间流传，缺乏整理，故容易产生诸种异本。本辑刊佈的 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a18"/>《天公经》有三种异本、《<persName>佛</persName>母经》有四种异本，就反映了这方面的 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a19"/>情况。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a20"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0008a2001">第一辑的“研究论文”专栏发表论文一篇：</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a21"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0008a2101">《关于〈禅藏〉与敦煌禅籍的若干问题》认为唐宗密的确编辑 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a22"/>过《禅藏》。在对《禅藏》进行考察与对敦煌禅籍现状进行分析之 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a23"/>後，文章指出宗密《禅藏》的相当一部份被保存在敦煌禅籍中，根 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a24"/>據敦煌禅籍复原《禅藏》是可能的，这必将揭开禅宗研究的新篇 <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a25"/>章。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a26"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0008a27"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0008a2701">最後是幾点希望。</p> <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0009a" n="0009a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a01"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0009a0101">《藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献》是一枝刚刚抽条的幼芽，迫切希望得到如 <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a02"/>下各种支持：</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a03"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0009a0301">衷心希望读者对我们的文献整理工作，包括篇目的确定、底 <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a04"/>挍本的选择、辨字录文、挍勘註记、分段标点、题解说明等各个方 <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a05"/>面，提出认真的批评，以把藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献的整理工作做得更好。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a06"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0009a0601">藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献散佚在各地，收集极为不易。衷心希望各界 <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a07"/>人士能够提供各种尙未入藏的<persName>佛</persName>教文献的信息与资料，无论片 <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a08"/>纸隻字，均不勝感谢。凡提供的底挍本被採用者，一律刊佈功德 <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a09"/>芳名，幷致酬示谢。如有投稿者，更无任欢迎。详见《<anchor xml:id="nkr_note_add_0009a0901" n="0009a0901"/><anchor xml:id="beg0009a0901" n="0009a0901"/>征<anchor xml:id="end0009a0901"/>稿启 <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a10"/>事》。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a11"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0009a1101">《藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献》没有经济来源，第一辑赖中国<persName>佛</persName>教文化研 <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a12"/>究所与香港志莲净苑的支持，得以起步，不勝感荷。甚望诸方有 <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a13"/>识之士慨施净财，共襄厥业。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a14"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a15"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a16"/><byline cb:type="author">方廣锠</byline> <lb ed="ZW" n="0009a17"/><byline cb:type="other">一九九五年十月十日</byline></cb:div> <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0010a" n="0010a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a01"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a02"/><cb:div type="other"><cb:mulu type="其他" level="1">英文</cb:mulu><head>Foreword</head> <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a03"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a04"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0010a0401">The foreword to each volume of <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Buddhist Texts Not Contained <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a05"/> in the Tripitaka</foreign> acts as a bridge between the editors and the <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a06"/> readers and introduces the readers to the main contents of the respective <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a07"/> volume.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a08"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a09"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0010a0901">Let us first of all talk about what it means by <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Buddhist Texts <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a10"/> Not Contained in the Tripitaka</foreign>.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a11"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a12"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0010a1201">The "Collection" means the Great Collection of the <anchor xml:id="nkr_note_add_0010a1201" n="0010a1201"/><anchor xml:id="beg0010a1201" n="0010a1201"/>Scriptures<anchor xml:id="end0010a1201"/> of <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a13"/> Buddhism (Fojiao Dazangjing, Tripitaka). What traditionally is <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a14"/> called "Dazangjing" means specifically the Chinese Tripitaka, including <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a15"/> the Main Collection (Zheng Zang) and the Supplementary <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a16"/> Collection (Xu Zang). It constitutes the comprehensive compilation <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a17"/> of Buddhist texts in Chinese. Although there are many kinds <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a18"/> of Chinese Tripitaka in our country, there still are many texts <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a19"/> which have something to do with Buddhism. They are found elsewhere <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a20"/> and are outside the Tripitaka. Here we find, for example: <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a21"/> all kinds of Buddhist scriptures translated in modern times from <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a22"/> Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, Mongolian, etc.; a great amount of <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a23"/> Buddhist texts from the Dunhuang Scripture Cave; ancient Buddhist <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a24"/> texts which are kept in various libraries and museums and <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a25"/> have not yet been included in the Tripitakas of the various eras; <lb ed="ZW" n="0010a26"/> Buddhist materials preserved in dynastic histories, local <anchor xml:id="nkr_note_add_0010a2601" n="0010a2601"/><anchor xml:id="beg0010a2601" n="0010a2601"/>gazetteers<anchor xml:id="end0010a2601"/>, <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0011a" n="0011a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a01"/> classified reference books and collected works of individual <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a02"/> persons; materials on stone and bronze inscriptions; Buddhist <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a03"/> works and materials of recent dates. All the above-mentioned <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a04"/> works can be called <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Buddhist Texts Not Contained in the <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a05"/> Tripitaka</foreign>. Literature is one of the main carriers of culture, and <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a06"/> Buddhist literature is one of the main carriers of Buddhist culture. <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a07"/> The texts already contained in the collections are, of course, very <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a08"/> important; however, also the literary contributions not yet contained <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a09"/> in the Tripitaka should not be overlooked, but must be <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a10"/> carefully edited. What has to be stated clearly is, that after the <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a11"/> often repeated critical work applied to them, the quality of the <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a12"/> texts in the Main Collection of the various eras is generally rather <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a13"/> high; on the contrary, works included in the Supplementary Collection <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a14"/> are often of a rather arbitrary nature, they lack a careful <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a15"/> selection and text critical work, and often they have wrong characters. <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a16"/> Therefore, although some texts have already been included <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a17"/> in some supplementary collections, if the quality of newly discovered <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a18"/> texts is higher than that of texts already contained in the <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a19"/> Tripitaka, this should also be an objective of our editorial work.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a20"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a21"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0011a2101">There are now three main current versions of the Buddhist <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a22"/> Canon: the Pali Canon of the southern tradition, the Chinese version <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a23"/> of the Tripitaka, and the Tibetan Kanjur and Tanjur. Some <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a24"/> Sanskrit Buddhist texts are extant, and recently there are constant <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a25"/> new discoveries of Sanskrit texts, but they are in general <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a26"/> mutilated leaves of particular units. Although their value for research <lb ed="ZW" n="0011a27"/> cannot be underestimated, they do not amount to a complete <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0012a" n="0012a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a01"/> Tripitaka. Furthermore, in China there still are complete <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a02"/> Tripitakas in the Dai language, in Mongolian, in Manchu, and <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a03"/> many incomplete parts of the Tripitaka in the Tangut language <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a04"/> which have been unearthed. However, the above-mentioned <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a05"/> Buddhist collections are basically all derived and translated from <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a06"/> the before-mentioned three main versions of the Buddhist collections. <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a07"/> The meaning and value for Buddhist research of the Pali <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a08"/> Tripitaka, the Chinese versions of the Tripitaka and the Tibetan <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a09"/> Kanjur and Tanjur are therefore self-evident.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a10"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a11"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0012a1101">Talking only about the above-mentioned three main collections <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a12"/> of the Buddhist scriptures, the Chinese Tripitaka <anchor xml:id="nkr_note_add_0012a1201" n="0012a1201"/><anchor xml:id="beg0012a1201" n="0012a1201"/>contained<anchor xml:id="end0012a1201"/> the <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a13"/> greatest number of scriptures, the extent of time to which the <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a14"/> texts belong is the longest, the territory they cover is the vastest, <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a15"/> the Buddhist schools they represent are the most. Therefore, although <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a16"/> the Pali Canon and the Tibetan Buddhist Canon retain <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a17"/> their irreplaceable and unique value for research, the Chinese version <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a18"/> of the Tripitaka evidently deserves men's even more <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a19"/> attention.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a20"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a21"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0012a2101">In modern times, developing their Buddhist research, Buddhist <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a22"/> scholars in the West generally focus their attention on a sequence <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a23"/> of Pali Canon — Sanskrit Buddhist texts — Tibetan Buddhist <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a24"/> texts. Scholars devoted to research of Chinese Buddhist texts are <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a25"/> relatively few. Such a situation, compared with the value of the <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a26"/> Chinese Buddhist texts themselves, is rather unbalanced. The <lb ed="ZW" n="0012a27"/> reason for such a state, apart from many other causes, might be <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0013a" n="0013a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a01"/> the obstacle of the language and lack of understanding for the Chinese <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a02"/> Tripitaka and of its value. Now many scholars have begun to <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a03"/> pay attention to this problem, and there are many Chinese and <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a04"/> foreign scholars who call for and devote themselves to the translation <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a05"/> of Chinese Buddhist texts into English. I am deeply convinced <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a06"/> that many more people will come to an ever deeper understanding <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a07"/> of the value of the Chinese Buddhist texts and develop <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a08"/> penetrating research into them. And the Chinese Tripitaka will in <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a09"/> this process offer its due contribution to the reconstruction and development <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a10"/> of mankind's culture.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a11"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a12"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0013a1201">If we endeavour to collect and edit, as far as possible, the literary <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a13"/> contributions of Buddhism which still are lying scattered outside <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a14"/> the collection of Buddhist scriptures, and if we add them to the <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a15"/> collection, the Chinese Tripitaka will in future offer an even much <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a16"/> greater contribution to the development and research of Buddhism <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a17"/> and to the culture of mankind.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a18"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a19"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0013a1901">This, then, is the goal of <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Buddhist Texts Not Contained in <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a20"/> the Tripitaka</foreign>. Let us editors and all who are concerned with this <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a21"/> matter encourage each other in our endeavours.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a22"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a23"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0013a2301">Next let me introduce the main contents of the first number of <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a24"/> <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Buddhist Texts Not Contained in the Tripitaka</foreign>.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a25"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a26"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0013a2601">The column "Chan Texts from Dunhuang" of the first number <lb ed="ZW" n="0013a27"/> brings four newly discovered Chan texts from Dunhuang: <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0014a" n="0014a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a01"/> <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Tianzhuguo Putidamo Chanshi Lun, Chance Wenda</foreign>, and <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a02"/> <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Xizheng Lun</foreign> are copied in sequence on one roll of Dunhuang <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a03"/> writings. The <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Chance Wenda</foreign> explains through thirty questions <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a04"/> and answers many concrete questions of Chan practice; <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Xizheng <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a05"/> Lun</foreign> explains emphatically that the true Buddhata is within the <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a06"/> mind, and therefore cannot be understood as taking recourse to <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a07"/> what is external to it; it is opposed to a style of study which only <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a08"/> knows how to seek great knowledge of and critical inquisition into <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a09"/> truth. These texts have all been discovered quite recently and are <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a10"/> being published for the first time. I think that they are all works <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a11"/> of the Northern Chan School, most probably in the line of Yi Fu. <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a12"/> Through them the reader can advance in his understanding of the <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a13"/> Northern Chan School. Under the name of Dharma, the first patriarch <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a14"/> of the Chan School, the <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Tianzhuguo Putidamo Chanshi <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a15"/> Lun</foreign> discusses the method of the Chan School. What is published <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a16"/> here is a newly discovered manuscript; compared with another <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a17"/> book of the same name in Pelliot's special collection of Dunhuang <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a18"/> preserved in France, its ending has another paragraph and gives <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a19"/> us some more new information.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a20"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a21"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0014a2101">The column "Esoteric Texts" of the first number brings a text <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a22"/> from the Indian Esoteric Buddhism, the <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Ba Zhong Cu Zhong <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a23"/> Fan Duo</foreign>. The author of this text is unknown, it is, however, ascribed <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a24"/> to Ashvagosha. It discusses eight points of the Vinaya of <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a25"/> Esoteric Buddhism. The text belongs to the ones discovered in the <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a26"/> old sites (Heicheng) of Xixia and has its value for the study of <lb ed="ZW" n="0014a27"/> Tangut Buddhism.</p> <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0015a" n="0015a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a01"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a02"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0015a0201">The section "Commentaries on the Tripitaka" brings a text each <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a03"/> from commentaries to the sutras and the vinayas:</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a04"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a05"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0015a0501"><foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Tian Qing Wen Jing Shu</foreign> is a work by the famous Tang monk <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a06"/> Wengui. The Taisho Daizokyo has included a mutilated copy of <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a07"/> this commentary. Here we publish a complete and corrected copy.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a08"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a09"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0015a0901"><foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Xing Shi Chao Zhong Fen Men Tu Lu</foreign> is an outline for the <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Si <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a10"/> Fen Lu Xing Shi Chao</foreign> of the Tang monk Shi Daoxuan. The original <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a11"/> book had used graphical representations, which explains the <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a12"/> name. Their publication being hampered by given conditions, it is <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a13"/> changed to the form of an outline.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a14"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a15"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0015a1501">Anhui, the author of <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">A Pi Da Mo Ju She Lun Shi Yi Shu</foreign>, is <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a16"/> one of the famous "ten great shastra masters" of Indian <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a17"/> Buddhism. In the main it is a refutation of the criticism of <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a18"/> Samghabhadra in his <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Shun Zheng Li Lun</foreign> against Vasubandhu's <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a19"/> <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Abhidharma Kosa Sastra</foreign> and reflects a main work of Indian <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a20"/> Buddhism of the second half of the 6th century. There is no mention <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a21"/> in the sutra catalogues of our country on the time when this <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a22"/> work was written or who translated it into Chinese. Taisho <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a23"/> Daizokyo has included a partial copy based upon Pelliot's special <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a24"/> collection. What we publish here is the complete third volume of <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a25"/> the said commentary. The present manuscript had wandered <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a26"/> around among people for a while since its discovery in Dunhuang <lb ed="ZW" n="0015a27"/> is finally kept in the Beijing Library. When lately we checked another <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0016a" n="0016a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a01"/> bunch of book fragments from Dunhuang at the Beijing Library, <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a02"/> we discovered the first missing part of this book, which enabled <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a03"/> us to reconstruct the original, a really lucky event. Among <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a04"/> the extant Dunhuang books there is a Uighur version of this <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Shi <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a05"/> Yi Shu</foreign>, so that the two can be compared.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a06"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a07"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0016a0701">In the section "Doubtful and Spurious Works" of the first number <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a08"/> are published eight doubtful and spurious works from Dunhuang. <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a09"/> Most of these doubtful and spurious works are published for the <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a10"/> first time. Although some had been published earlier by <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a11"/> somebody, this time they all have been critically revised according <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a12"/> to the various kinds of manuscripts, wrong characters have been <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a13"/> emended or lacking parts added. We must say that "Doubtful and <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a14"/> Spurious Sutras" is a very complicated concept. Many among <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a15"/> them are no products of Chinese as one might imagine. This question <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a16"/> later on has to become the subject of a special debate.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a17"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a18"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0016a1801"><foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Fo Wei Xin Wang Pu Sa Shuo Tou Tuo Jing</foreign> is a work which <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a19"/> has had great influence on the Chan School. At the moment there <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a20"/> is no information on its author or the time of its composition. Earlier <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a21"/> we knew already that there were two mutilated Chinese and <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a22"/> one mutilated Sogdian copy, and that the contents of the <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a23"/> manuscripts in the two languages did not correspond to each <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a24"/> other. The publication in the present number is a complete Chinese <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a25"/> version which allows the Sogdian version to have a reliable <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a26"/> work for comparison. The Chinese copy has notes and commentary <lb ed="ZW" n="0016a27"/> added. It can be expected that the publication of the present <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0017a" n="0017a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a01"/> text will be of great use not only for the study of the Chan School, but also for study of Soghdian.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a02"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a03"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0017a0301"><foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Fo Shuo Xiao Shun Zi Xiu Xing Cheng Fo Jing</foreign> and <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Zui Miao <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a04"/> Sheng Ding Jing</foreign> are classified as doubtful and spurious sutras by <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a05"/> the traditional sutra catalogues. But from the texts published in <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a06"/> the present number people will see that they all have been brought <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a07"/> into China from outside and have not been written by Chinese. <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a08"/> <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Shui Yue Guan Yin Jing</foreign> reflects the worship of Guanyin in <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a09"/> Chinese Buddhism; <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Jing Gang Jing Zuan</foreign> reflects the worship <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a10"/> of sutras in Chinese Buddhism; the <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Da Fang Guang Hua Yan <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a11"/> Shi E Pin Jing</foreign> is a product of the vegetarian movement of Chinese <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a12"/> Buddhism during the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a13"/> Since doubtful and spurious works have mostly circulated <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a14"/> among the people and there was no authoritative editing, it was <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a15"/> easy for various different versions to appear. The <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Tian Gong <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a16"/> Jing</foreign> which we publish here has three different versions, the <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Fo <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a17"/> Mu Jing</foreign> has four different versions, which reflects the situation <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a18"/> in this regard.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a19"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a20"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0017a2001">The section "Research Papers" brings one articles:</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a21"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a22"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0017a2201">The article "Some Problems Concerning the <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Chan Zang</foreign> and the <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a23"/> Chan Writings from Dunhuang" assumes that the <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Chan Zang</foreign> has <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a24"/> effectively been composed by the Tang monk Zongmi. After an <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a25"/> inquisition into the <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Chan Zang</foreign> and an analysis of the present <lb ed="ZW" n="0017a26"/> condition of the Dunhuang Chan writings the article points out <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0018a" n="0018a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a01"/> that considerable part of Zongmi's <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Chan Zang</foreign> has been preserved <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a02"/> in the Chan writings of Dunhuang and that it is possible to <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a03"/> reconstruct the Chan Zang according to the Chan Writings of <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a04"/> Dunhuang. This will certainly open a new chapter in our research <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a05"/> into Chan Buddhism.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a06"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a07"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0018a0701">Finally some desiderata. <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Buddhist Texts Not Contained in the <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a08"/> Tripitaka</foreign> is a tender sprout which has just sprung up and urgently <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a09"/> hopes to find such support as follows:</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a10"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a11"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0018a1101">We earnestly hope that the readers will voice honest criticism concerning <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a12"/> our editorial work, including the definition of chapter <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a13"/> headings, the choice of the master copies, discussion of <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a14"/> characters, notes on textual criticism, segmentation and punctuation, <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a15"/> explanatory notes on the background of the works, and other <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a16"/> questions. In this way the work of Buddhist texts not included <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a17"/> in the Tripitaka will be done in an even better way.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a18"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a19"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0018a1901">Buddhist works not included in the Tripitaka are scattered everywhere, <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a20"/> and it is extremely difficult to collect them. We earnestly <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a21"/> hope that people everywhere will come up with information and <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a22"/> material on Buddhist texts which are not yet included in the Tripitaka; <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a23"/> we will be deeply grateful even for just a <anchor xml:id="nkr_note_add_0018a2301" n="0018a2301"/><anchor xml:id="beg0018a2301" n="0018a2301"/>short<anchor xml:id="end0018a2301"/> note. Anyone <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a24"/> who contributes a master copy to be used will be mentioned by <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a25"/> name and receive our deepest thanks. The sincerest thanks will go <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a26"/> to anybody who will submit an article for publication. For details <lb ed="ZW" n="0018a27"/> see <foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Guidelines on Submitting Articles</foreign>.</p> <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0019a" n="0019a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a01"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a02"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0019a0201"><foreign rend="italic" xml:lang="en">Buddhist Texts Not Included in the Tripitaka</foreign> has no financial <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a03"/> resources of its own. We are very grateful to the Institute of Chinese <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a04"/> Buddhist Culture and the Zhi Lian Jing Yuan from Hong <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a05"/> Kong for their kind support to the publication of this very first <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a06"/> book. We hope that all men of insight could generously fund the <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a07"/> <anchor xml:id="nkr_note_add_0019a0701" n="0019a0701"/><anchor xml:id="beg0019a0701" n="0019a0701"/>publication<anchor xml:id="end0019a0701"/> of the next number of the same book.</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a08"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a09"/><byline cb:type="author">Fang Guangchang</byline> <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a10"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0019a11"/><byline cb:type="other">10 October 1995</byline></cb:div> <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0020a" n="0020a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a01"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a02"/><cb:div type="other"><cb:mulu type="其他" level="1">日文</cb:mulu><head>卷首の语り</head> <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a03"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a04"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0020a0401">《藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献》の一辑每に“卷首の语り”というのは、编 <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a05"/>者が读者と连络をとるための桥渡しであり、本辑の主な内容 <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a06"/>を绍介する本據でもある。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a07"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0020a0701">先ず、“藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献”とは何であるかについて话してお <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a08"/>く。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a09"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0020a0901">“藏”は<persName>佛</persName>教の大藏经を指すことである。传统の上から <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a10"/>“大藏经”と呼ばれたものは、专ら汉文大藏经、中には正藏と续 <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a11"/>藏も含めていることを指して言うのであり、それは我が国の汉文<persName>佛</persName>教文献の总揽てあつた。汉文大藏经の种类が多くと虽 <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a12"/>も<persName>佛</persName>教にかかわる文献が散佚して、“大藏经”に收まらないも <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a13"/>のが少なくない。例えば、近代以来、サンスクリツト、パ—リ、 <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a14"/>チベツト、モンコル文など、原文から翻译された大量の<persName>佛</persName>教典 <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a15"/>籍、各地の图书馆･博物馆が保存されている古代の<persName>佛</persName>教典籍、 <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a16"/>正史･地方史志･丛书･类书･个人文集に保存された<persName>佛</persName>教典籍、 <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a17"/><persName>佛</persName>教に关联する金石资料、近现代の<persName>佛</persName>教著作と资料など、これ <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a18"/>らのものが未だに历代の大藏经の中を入れていないものがた <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a19"/>くさんあり、これら种种样样なものはすべて“藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献” <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a20"/>と称すべきである。文献なるものは文化の主な载せる機关の <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a21"/>一つであり、<persName>佛</persName>教文献も<persName>佛</persName>教文化の主な载せる機关の一つで <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a22"/>ある。すでに藏经にはいる典籍は固より重要だが、散逸して <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a23"/>藏经以外にある文献も忽视するわけにはいかない。真剑に整 <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a24"/>理を加える必要がある。说明すべきことは、历代の正藏は悉 <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a25"/>く幾度も挍订をへて、槪して质がより高いが、续藏の收まると <lb ed="ZW" n="0020a26"/>ころの典籍は往往にしてより强い随意的で、且つ版本の精选 <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0021a" n="0021a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a01"/>と挍订とに欠けたもので、文字の误谬などもある。そこで、あ <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a02"/>る典籍がある续藏にとりいれられたど虽も、もし新发现の传 <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a03"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a04"/>本のほうが藏经本に比べて、更に完璧だとすれば、やつぱり整 <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a05"/>理の对像となるわけである。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a06"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0021a0601">现在なお世界に流传され、且つ自ら体系となる主な<persName>佛</persName>教 <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a07"/>大藏经は三种あり、即ち南传パ—リ三藏、汉文大藏经、チベツ <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a08"/>トのガンスウ—ルとダンスウ—ルはそれである。サンスクリ <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a09"/>ツトの<persName>佛</persName>典は残存されるものがあり、且つ近年以来、引续きサ <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a10"/>ンスクリツトの<persName>佛</persName>典が见附けられたが、たいてい皆单部ある <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a11"/>いは残葉で、その研究價値が过小视してはいけないが、毕竟す <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a12"/>るに完璧の大藏となることは足ない。そして、中国はまた完 <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a13"/>全な傣文の大藏经、モンコル文の大藏经、满洲文の大藏经、数 <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a14"/>少なからず出土した西夏文大藏经などを保存しており、もつ <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a15"/>とも上述した<persName>佛</persName>藏は主に前述した三类主要な<persName>佛</persName>藏より转译し <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a16"/>たものであるから、パ—リ三藏、汉文大藏经、チベツトのガン <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a17"/>スウ—ルとダンスウ—ルなどの三种类の<persName>佛</persName>藏は<persName>佛</persName>教研究での <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a18"/>意義と價値が言わなくても明らかである。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a19"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0021a1901">上述の三种类主な<persName>佛</persName>藏について言うと、汉文大藏经が收 <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a20"/>录された经典の数が最も多く、その经籍が时代を及ぼすとこ <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a21"/>ろの跨る间隔も最も长く、地区を包括する幅も最も廣く、その <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a22"/>うえ包括する<persName>佛</persName>教派别も最も多いわけである。从つて、パ— <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a23"/>リ及チベツトの<persName>佛</persName>藏は固より挂替できない独特な研究價値を <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a24"/>持つているけれども、汉文大藏经は尙更人人の重视に値する <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a25"/>ことも明らかである。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a26"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0021a2601">近年以来、西方の<persName>佛</persName>教学者が大抵パ—リの<persName>佛</persName>典、サンスク <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a27"/>リツトの<persName>佛</persName>典、チベツトの<persName>佛</persName>典というコ—スを沿つて研究をく <lb ed="ZW" n="0021a28"/>りひろげており、专ら汉文<persName>佛</persName>典研究にたずさわる人が相对的 <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0022a" n="0022a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a01"/>に数は少ない。このような实状では汉文<persName>佛</persName>典そのものの價値 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a02"/>に比べて极めてふさわしくない。こうした局面を致すのは别 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a03"/>の诸诸な原因を除く外、言葉の妨げ幷び汉文大藏经とその價 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a04"/>値に对してはあまりはつきりしないことも恐らく重要な因素 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a05"/>であろう。今は、この问题についてある学者が注意しはじめ、 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a06"/>中国も外国も汉文<persName>佛</persName>典の英译に从事してくるように呼びかけ <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a07"/>していました。更により多くの人がますます汉文<persName>佛</persName>典の重要 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a08"/>價値を认识し、从つてそれに深く研究をくりひろげ、汉文大藏 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a09"/>经もきつとこの过程を通じて人类文化の创り直すこととその <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a10"/>发展にあり得べき贡献を作り出すこと深く信じております。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a11"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0022a1101">さしあたりもしも私たちができ得る限り散逸した藏外に <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a12"/>ある<persName>佛</persName>教文献をかき集めて整理を加え、そして大藏经にとり <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a13"/>いれられるべきものを大藏经に收まらせたら、汉文大藏经は <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a14"/>将に<persName>佛</persName>教の发展と研究、そして、人类文化の发展には、更に大 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a15"/>いに役割を果すことになると思う。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a16"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0022a1601">これは、《藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献》の目的であり、冀くはこのことに <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a17"/>关心を持つ方と励みあつて努力したいと愿い申上げます。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a18"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0022a1801">其の次、《藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献》第一辑の主要内容を绍介します。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a19"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0022a1901">第一辑の“敦煌禅籍”の专栏には敦煌禅文献四篇の新发现 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a20"/>したものを刊行した。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a21"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0022a2101">《天竺国<name role="" type="person">菩提达摩</name>禅师论》、《禅策问答》、《息诤论》などが顺 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a22"/>番に同じの敦煌写卷の上にうつした。中の《禅策问答》が三十 <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a23"/>题の问答を通じて禅の修持についての数多くの具体的问题を <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a24"/>论述し、《息诤论》では真如<persName>佛</persName>性は俱く心中にある故、外へ凭れ <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a25"/>ば理解できず、经论ばかりを目ざして理论だけを追求しよう <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a26"/>とする诤论の学风には反对の立场に立つ。これらは皆最新の <lb ed="ZW" n="0022a27"/>发现であり、初めての刊行である。私がこれみな北宗禅の著 <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0023a" n="0023a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a01"/>作で義福の系统するものの可能性が多いと思う。读者はこれ <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a02"/>らを通じて北宗禅に对する了解を一步深められるに违いない <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a03"/>と思う。《天竺国<name role="" type="person">菩提达摩</name>禅师论》は禅宗の初祖达摩の名を托 <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a04"/>して禅门の法を论した。ここに刊佈したものは、一つに新发 <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a05"/>现の写本であり、フランスのペリオ敦煌本にある同名异本に <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a06"/>比べて、终卷部份には一段の馀裕が出てくるので人人に新し <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a07"/>い消息をもたらしてきたのである。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a08"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0023a0801">第一辑の“密教典籍”の专栏に刊佈された印度密教文献一 <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a09"/>篇は《八种粗重犯堕》である。文献の作者は详しからず<name role="" type="person">马鸣</name>と <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a10"/>いう名を托して书いたものをあわせて、密教戒律の八条を论 <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a11"/>述した。当文献は西夏文献であるので、西夏<persName>佛</persName>教を研究する <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a12"/>のにすいぶん價値あるものと认められる。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a13"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0023a1301">第一辑の“三藏註疏”专栏には经律论疏各各一篇を刊行し <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a14"/>た。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a15"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0023a1501">《天请问经疏》は唐代名僧文轨の作品で、《大正藏》には当 <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a16"/>疏の一残本が编入され、ここに刊佈したものは完全な挍订本 <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a17"/>の一本である。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a18"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0023a1801">《行事钞中分门图录》は唐代<name role="" type="person">释道宣</name>《四分律行事钞》の科分 <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a19"/>で、原卷は图で示す格式を採用する故、そう名付けた。刊行し <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a20"/>た当时は条件に限られ、要点をとり擧げ纲领式にした。この <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a21"/>文献も最新の发现と初めての刊行である。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a22"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0023a2201">《阿毘达摩俱舍论实義疏》の作者安慧が印度著名な“十大 <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a23"/>论师”の一人で、当疏は主に众贤が《顺正理论》を持つて<name role="" type="person">世亲</name>の <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a24"/>《俱舍论》を批判することに对する反驳であり、六世纪前半の <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a25"/>印度<persName>佛</persName>教を反映する重要な著作であつた。いつ、だれによつ <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a26"/>て汉文に译されたのが、我が国の经录の中に记录していなか <lb ed="ZW" n="0023a27"/>つた。《大正藏》ではペりオ敦煌本にある当疏の节录本を揭载 <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0024a" n="0024a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a01"/>していたが、ここに刊行するのが当疏の卷三の全文である。 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a02"/>敦煌文献の中にまだ当疏のウイグル文译本があり、两者を参 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a03"/>照すれば良い。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a04"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0024a0401">第一辑の“疑伪经”专栏には敦煌疑伪经八篇を发表。これ <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a05"/>らの疑伪经は初めて发表したものが多く。以前もう发表した <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a06"/>ものもあるが、今回は皆诸诸の写本の新たな挍订によるもの、 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a07"/>误谬を正したり、残缺を補つたりした。申すべきことは、所谓 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a08"/>“疑伪经”なるものは、その槪念が复杂で、就中、かなりの经典 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a09"/>が决して人人の想<anchor xml:id="nkr_note_add_0024a0901" n="0024a0901"/><anchor xml:id="beg0024a0901" n="0024a0901"/>像<anchor xml:id="end0024a0901"/>したような中国人の作品ではない。今後 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a10"/>の专著でこの问题を论述する必要がある。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a11"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0024a1101">《<persName>佛</persName>为心王菩萨说头陀经》は禅宗に对して重大な影响を有 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a12"/>する经典であるが、作者と著作の作成年代が尙はつきりしな <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a13"/>い。汉文残本残本二点とソグト残本一点があるということは <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a14"/>よく知られていつたが、今度，新しい发现の三点の全本をあわ <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a15"/>せて、完全の挍订本を发表した。挍订本はソグト本をして一 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a16"/>つの当になる参照本とならしめ、且つ全本に註疏もつけてあ <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a17"/>る。当文献の开行は予想すべく、禅宗研究にだけでなく、ソグ <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a18"/>ト文研究に对しても积极的影响をもたらすのである。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a19"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0024a1901">《<persName>佛</persName>说孝顺子修行成<persName>佛</persName>经》と《最妙勝定经》が传统的经录に <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a20"/>疑伪经と呼ばれているものであるが、人人は本辑の经文から <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a21"/>も见られるように、それらもみな域外の传入で中国人の撰述 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a22"/>ではない。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a23"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0024a2301">《水月观音经》は中国<persName>佛</persName>教の观音に对する崇拜を反映する <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a24"/>ものであり、《金刚经纂》は中国<persName>佛</persName>教の经典崇拜を反映する。 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a25"/>《大方廣花严十恶品经》では南北朝时代における中国<persName>佛</persName>教禁肉 <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a26"/>食素运动の产物である。疑伪经はたいてい民间で流传したも <lb ed="ZW" n="0024a27"/>の、整理に欠缺するので、诸诸の异本が出やすいこと。本辑で <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0025a" n="0025a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a01"/>刊行した《天公经》は三种类の异本あり、《<persName>佛</persName>母经》は四种类の <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a02"/>异本がある。これなどはこの方面の实情の反映である。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a03"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0025a0301">第一辑の“研究论文”专栏には论文一篇を发表した。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a04"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0025a0401">《〈禅藏〉と敦煌禅籍についての若干问题》では唐の宗密 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a05"/>が确かに《禅藏》を编集したことがある。《禅藏》を考察し、ま <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a06"/>た敦煌禅籍の现状に对して分析を加えた後、文章は更に宗密 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a07"/>の《禅宗》はかなりの部份が敦煌禅籍の中に保存されており、 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a08"/>敦煌禅籍をふまえて《禅藏》を复元しても可能であると认め <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a09"/>る。これは新しい禅宗研究の篇章を世に揭示されることに违 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a10"/>いない。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a11"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0025a1101">最後には幾点の望みである。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a12"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0025a1201">《藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献》は枝に萌生えばかりの芽のようなもの <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a13"/>で、以下のいろいろ支持を得たいのが紧迫である。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a14"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0025a1401">皆样には、われわれ文献整理や篇目の确定を含め、底挍订 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a15"/>本の选择、字をわきまえ、录文、挍订と註记、段落を分け、句读 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a16"/>を切ること乃至题解と说明など、各方面にわたつて真剑に批 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a17"/>评を作つてもらいたい。よつて藏外の<persName>佛</persName>教文献の整理をよく <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a18"/>よくなし遂げられるよう愿い申上げる。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a19"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0025a1901">藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献は各地に散逸した故、かき集めることも颇 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a20"/>る难事となる。冀くは各界の皆样、これから诸诸のまだに<persName>佛</persName> <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a21"/>教文献に编入していない消息や资料など片纸隻字であつも良 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a22"/>い。どうか提供できるよう诚に感谢にたえない。底本を提供 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a23"/>して顶き採用されていつた方には一律に功德と芳名を刊佈 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a24"/>し、お礼も差し上げて感谢の意を表する。投稿してくれる者 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a25"/>に对して何よりも欢迎である。“投稿约束御中”に详しく参 <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a26"/>考。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0025a27"/><p xml:id="pZW01p0025a2701">《藏外<persName>佛</persName>教文献》は收入の源がない。第一辑は、中国<persName>佛</persName>教 <pb ed="ZW" xml:id="ZW01.a002.0026a" n="0026a"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0026a01"/>文化研究所と香港の志莲净苑の御支持を得てこそ步きはじ <lb ed="ZW" n="0026a02"/>め、感谢して堪えない。各方面有识の士慨然と净财を施し、共 <lb ed="ZW" n="0026a03"/>に厥の业を襄けられますようお礼を申上げる。</p> <lb ed="ZW" n="0026a04"/> <lb ed="ZW" n="0026a05"/><byline cb:type="author">方廣锠</byline> <lb ed="ZW" n="0026a06"/><byline cb:type="other">1995年10月10日</byline></cb:div> </body> <back> <cb:div type="apparatus"> <head>挍注</head> <p> <app from="#beg0005a0401" to="#end0005a0401"><lem wit="#wit.cbeta" resp="#resp2">繫</lem><rdg wit="#wit.orig">系</rdg></app> <app from="#beg0008a0501" to="#end0008a0501"><lem wit="#wit.cbeta" resp="#resp2">像</lem><rdg wit="#wit.orig">象</rdg></app> <app from="#beg0009a0901" to="#end0009a0901"><lem wit="#wit.cbeta" resp="#resp2">征</lem><rdg wit="#wit.orig">征</rdg></app> <app from="#beg0010a1201" to="#end0010a1201"><lem wit="#wit.cbeta" resp="#resp2">Scriptures</lem><rdg wit="#wit.orig">Sprictures</rdg></app> <app from="#beg0010a2601" to="#end0010a2601"><lem wit="#wit.cbeta" resp="#resp2">gazetteers</lem><rdg wit="#wit.orig">gazeteers</rdg></app> <app from="#beg0012a1201" to="#end0012a1201"><lem wit="#wit.cbeta" resp="#resp2">contained</lem><rdg wit="#wit.orig">containes</rdg></app> <app from="#beg0018a2301" to="#end0018a2301"><lem wit="#wit.cbeta" resp="#resp2">short</lem><rdg wit="#wit.orig">schort</rdg></app> <app from="#beg0019a0701" to="#end0019a0701"><lem wit="#wit.cbeta" resp="#resp2">publication</lem><rdg wit="#wit.orig">pubilication</rdg></app> <app from="#beg0024a0901" to="#end0024a0901"><lem wit="#wit.cbeta" resp="#resp2">像</lem><rdg wit="#wit.orig">象</rdg></app> </p> </cb:div> <cb:div type="add-notes"> <head>新增挍注</head> <p> <note n="0005a0401" resp="#resp2" type="add" target="#nkr_note_add_0005a0401">繫【CB】，系【藏外】</note> <note n="0008a0501" resp="#resp2" type="add" target="#nkr_note_add_0008a0501">像【CB】，象【藏外】</note> <note n="0009a0901" resp="#resp2" type="add" target="#nkr_note_add_0009a0901">征【CB】，征【藏外】</note> <note n="0010a1201" resp="#resp2" type="add" target="#nkr_note_add_0010a1201">Scriptures【CB】，Sprictures【藏外】</note> <note n="0010a2601" resp="#resp2" type="add" target="#nkr_note_add_0010a2601">gazetteers【CB】，gazeteers【藏外】</note> <note n="0012a1201" resp="#resp2" type="add" target="#nkr_note_add_0012a1201">contained【CB】，containes【藏外】</note> <note n="0018a2301" resp="#resp2" type="add" target="#nkr_note_add_0018a2301">short【CB】，schort【藏外】</note> <note n="0019a0701" resp="#resp2" type="add" target="#nkr_note_add_0019a0701">publication【CB】，pubilication【藏外】</note> <note n="0024a0901" resp="#resp2" type="add" target="#nkr_note_add_0024a0901">像【CB】，象【藏外】</note> </p> </cb:div> </back></text></TEI>